Modi and Xi to meet at BRICS summit to discuss bilateral relations

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping are working to reset bilateral relations during the BRICS summit. This diplomatic engagement follows a period of significant tension that began in 2020, when a military confrontation in eastern Ladakh brought ties between the two nations to their lowest point in decades.

The current diplomatic thaw follows an agreement reached in October 2024 to end the prolonged military standoff in the Ladakh region. Shortly after that breakthrough, the two leaders met in Russia to discuss measures aimed at stabilizing the relationship and addressing the long-standing boundary question.

Since the October agreement, both nations have taken concrete steps toward normalization. These measures include the resumption of direct flights, the revival of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, and the restarting of traditional border trade through three designated routes. Additionally, India has moved to ease visa procedures for Chinese nationals.

Despite these developments, officials from both sides acknowledge that the relationship remains constrained by a significant trust deficit and the unresolved border dispute. National Security Adviser Ajit Doval has emphasized that the recent improvements in the bilateral relationship are directly linked to the maintenance of peace and tranquility along the border.

The ongoing discussions represent a cautious effort to move past the military friction that characterized the last several years. As the two leaders continue their dialogue on the sidelines of the summit, the focus remains on building upon the recent military disengagement to foster a more stable environment between the two neighboring powers.